Rote Learning
Rote learning is a learning technique which avoids understanding the inner complexities and inferences of the subject that is being learned and instead focuses on memorizing the material so that it can be recalled by the learner exactly the way it was read or heard. In other words, it is learning "just for the test".
The major practice involved in rote learning techniques is learning by repetition, based on the idea that one will be able to recall the meaning of the material the more they repeat it. However, in many fields, especially mathematics and related disciplines, this can often produce poor results.
Rote learning is also referred to as parrot fashion, regurgitation or mugging. However, with some material rote learning is the only way to learn it in a timely manner. For example, when learning the alphabets, the vocabulary of a foreign language or the conjugation of foreign irregular verbs, since they have no inner structure or their inner complexity is too subtle to be learned explicitly in a short time.
http://www.k12academics.com/educational-psychology/rote-learning
Rote learning is the least efficient memory aid. Most people cannot remember rote-learned information for very long.
What is the important point to be noted by JEE aspirants? When you are studying for the first time make sure you understand the meaning of every sentence in the lesson. You will be able to recall information better when you have understood the meaning of every sentence and word? Why can you recall better. Because memory is related to association. When you say you understood a word or sentence, you are able express the word in a picture that represents the word or you are able to express it in a different word that is more familiar to you. So in either case you are associating the new word or a sentence with word and pictures which are already your memory and this helps in better recall.
Rote learning works better when the material has built-in memory cues of its own.
Rehearsal is an important part of rote learning. You have to make sure to schedule adequate time for it in your study schedule.
Rote by Rhythm and Rhyme
Rhythm and rhyme are built-in memory aids. If you can write your sentences with with rhyming words. That will help you in recollecting the material fast.
Rote by Tune
If information can be arranged into a familiar tune you will recollect it more easily.
Rote and rewrite
Generally writing something over and over is a poor memory strategy. Not much sinks in.
But writing may help in remembering spelling.
Also as explaining a concept to yourself helps in memorizing it and you can write down your explanation. That will help you to review your own explanation and also helps in memorizing it. In writing your explanation, you can build in rhythm, rhyme, tune, cue words into the writeup.
Interesting Post
http://rationalmathed.blogspot.com/2009/04/memorizing-vs-rote-learning-drilling.html
The blog mainly contains Study guides for various topics in JEE Syllabus and Revision material of Chemistry. Model questions and Practice Questions are provided in separate blogs.
Showing posts with label Study-tips. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Study-tips. Show all posts
Thursday, May 7, 2009
IIT JEE Memory Skills
I just located a book on memory skills in our library.
It is a book by World Book Inc. pub in 1986. the material is interesting. I shall write about the various techniques given in the books in future posts.
Memory by rote
Rote with no aids
Rote by rhythm and rhyme
Rote by tune
Rote with games
Rote and rewrite
Inside joggers
Mental pictures
Chunking
Renaming
Key words
Linked sentences
First-letter cues
Acrostics
Acronyms
memory pairs
Clusters
Peg systems
Rhyming peg words
Alpha pegs
The Phonetic system
Phonetics and Peg words
Plotting points
points to write by
Points to speak by
Story chaining
Outside joggers
Flash cards
Cue cards
Experience
Math aids
Use your fingers
Use props
Marbles, Buttons, pebbles or pennies
Card board figures
It is a book by World Book Inc. pub in 1986. the material is interesting. I shall write about the various techniques given in the books in future posts.
Memory by rote
Rote with no aids
Rote by rhythm and rhyme
Rote by tune
Rote with games
Rote and rewrite
Inside joggers
Mental pictures
Chunking
Renaming
Key words
Linked sentences
First-letter cues
Acrostics
Acronyms
memory pairs
Clusters
Peg systems
Rhyming peg words
Alpha pegs
The Phonetic system
Phonetics and Peg words
Plotting points
points to write by
Points to speak by
Story chaining
Outside joggers
Flash cards
Cue cards
Experience
Math aids
Use your fingers
Use props
Marbles, Buttons, pebbles or pennies
Card board figures
Friday, August 29, 2008
JEE 2010 Study Plan Blog
Readers can subscribe to this blog to read it in their google readers etc.
www.iit-jee-2010.blogspot.com
www.iit-jee-2010.blogspot.com
Thursday, August 28, 2008
IIT JEE 2010 Study Plan
iit-jee-2010.blogspot.com
Trying to develop topic wise study plan for exam through this blog
Join Orkut Community
IIT-JEE-ACADEMY
http://www.orkut.co.in/Community.aspx?cmm=39291603
Trying to develop topic wise study plan for exam through this blog
Join Orkut Community
IIT-JEE-ACADEMY
http://www.orkut.co.in/Community.aspx?cmm=39291603
Wednesday, July 30, 2008
Great Effort despite a very big Handicap
Read about the person who got JEE rank 992, despite a big handicap
Read about Naga Naresh Karutura who has just passed out of IIT Madras in Computer Science and has joined Google in Bangalore.
http://battakiran.wordpress.com/2008/07/29/from-banks-of-godavari-to-google-on-wheel-chair/
Read about Naga Naresh Karutura who has just passed out of IIT Madras in Computer Science and has joined Google in Bangalore.
http://battakiran.wordpress.com/2008/07/29/from-banks-of-godavari-to-google-on-wheel-chair/
Sunday, July 6, 2008
If you can dream it, you can do it
The starting point of all achievement is desire.
Keep this constantly in mind. Weak desires bring weak results, just as a small amount of fire makes a small amount of heat.
NAPOLEAN HILL, PIONEER OF PERSONAL-SUCCESS LITERATURE
Read the article by Ankur Gupta in Hindustan Times, 6th July 2008 page No. 9
I shall give the summary and important points at a later date.
Keep this constantly in mind. Weak desires bring weak results, just as a small amount of fire makes a small amount of heat.
NAPOLEAN HILL, PIONEER OF PERSONAL-SUCCESS LITERATURE
Read the article by Ankur Gupta in Hindustan Times, 6th July 2008 page No. 9
I shall give the summary and important points at a later date.
Thursday, May 8, 2008
IIT JEE 2010 Chemistry Study Plan
Chapters to be completed from IIT JEE Syllabus during XI class (2008-09)
Chemistry Class XI Chapters (Maharashtra syllabus)
1. Some basic concepts of chemistry
2. States of matter
3. Atomic structure
4. Periodic table
5. Redox reactions
6. Chemical equilibrium
7. Adsorption
8. Nature of chemical bond
9. S-block elements
10. P-block elements
11. Principles and methods of purification of substances
12. Chemistry of carbon compounds
13. Alkanes
14. Alkenes
15. Alkynes
16. Aromatic compounds
Chapters to be completed from IIT JEE Syllabus during XI class (2008-09)
Gaseous, liquid and solid states
Atomic structure
Bonding and molecular structure
Chemical equilibrium
Surface chemistry
Non metals
Compounds of metals
Compounds of non metals
Organic chemistry – Nomenclature and isomerism
Alkanes
Alkenes
Alkynes
Benzene
Chemistry Class XI Chapters (Maharashtra syllabus)
1. Some basic concepts of chemistry
2. States of matter
3. Atomic structure
4. Periodic table
5. Redox reactions
6. Chemical equilibrium
7. Adsorption
8. Nature of chemical bond
9. S-block elements
10. P-block elements
11. Principles and methods of purification of substances
12. Chemistry of carbon compounds
13. Alkanes
14. Alkenes
15. Alkynes
16. Aromatic compounds
Chapters to be completed from IIT JEE Syllabus during XI class (2008-09)
Gaseous, liquid and solid states
Atomic structure
Bonding and molecular structure
Chemical equilibrium
Surface chemistry
Non metals
Compounds of metals
Compounds of non metals
Organic chemistry – Nomenclature and isomerism
Alkanes
Alkenes
Alkynes
Benzene
Tuesday, May 6, 2008
IIT JEE 2009 Study Strategy
If you are with a coaching institute, the institute will set the strategy. Cooperate with the institute and faculty totally.
If you are using postal coaching or studying on your own then you need to put in place your own strategy.
Plan to complete the complete syllabus by December 2008.
According to the scheme of syllabus that I am following
Physics has 47 lessons (HC Verma)
Chemistry has 34 lessons
Mathematichs has 27 lessons
If you have completed some lessons already you are at an advantageous position.
Otherwise you need a plan to complete 108 lessons in 8 months. (May to December 2008) That gives a figure of 13 to 14 lessons a month. A lesson in two days.Combine some lessons that you studied in the first year with some lessons in the second year in your plan.
At the end of two days you should be able to completely answer all the worked out problems related to the chapter.When you are going through the problems put a mark on the problems that you feel are difficult. You can go through them some more times to make them easy for you.
Every Sunday, you need to write a test on the three chapter that you studied in that week plus all the earlier chapters. Ask your parents to set up the test from the questions in the study guides that you are studying.If you bought some test paper series you can use that. I want to develop a set of model papers but I may not be able to do it this year.
Prepare a monthly plan of the chapters that you intend studying in that month and try to stick to it every week.
If you are using postal coaching or studying on your own then you need to put in place your own strategy.
Plan to complete the complete syllabus by December 2008.
According to the scheme of syllabus that I am following
Physics has 47 lessons (HC Verma)
Chemistry has 34 lessons
Mathematichs has 27 lessons
If you have completed some lessons already you are at an advantageous position.
Otherwise you need a plan to complete 108 lessons in 8 months. (May to December 2008) That gives a figure of 13 to 14 lessons a month. A lesson in two days.Combine some lessons that you studied in the first year with some lessons in the second year in your plan.
At the end of two days you should be able to completely answer all the worked out problems related to the chapter.When you are going through the problems put a mark on the problems that you feel are difficult. You can go through them some more times to make them easy for you.
Every Sunday, you need to write a test on the three chapter that you studied in that week plus all the earlier chapters. Ask your parents to set up the test from the questions in the study guides that you are studying.If you bought some test paper series you can use that. I want to develop a set of model papers but I may not be able to do it this year.
Prepare a monthly plan of the chapters that you intend studying in that month and try to stick to it every week.
JEE 2010 Aspirants - Preparation Strategy
I started studying IIT JEE materials in May 2007. So far I studied the full material of Physics and Chemistry. In Mathematics I just studied the principles and I have to do some problems.
Of course I don't have to write the examination. I am doing the study to help my child (2009) and then children of my brothers and sisters.
According to my thinking,the decision to appear for JEE must be taken and preparation started right from the day, the X class examinations are over. The attitude must be to remember the materials learned in the X class. A revision of the X material after the examination will lay the firm foundation for JEE preparation.
May 2008 to December 2008 must be used to complete the entire syllabus of 11th class. Read the lessons in your XI class text and simultaneously read the material in JEE level texts that you buy. Approximately 3 lessons of Physics, Chemistry and Mathematics (one each) must be completed every 10 days. That way you can read 9 lessons a month. In eight months you can complete 72 lessons. As the books are written you may not have 24 chapters in every subject. But the chapters are very big and you can practically treat them as two chapters.
That will give you time to revise you XI material during January-April 2008. Will give you good amount of time to concentrate on Board examianations and other subjects in the course.
I have seen the coaching institutes giving an IIT examination every alternate Sunday. They are giving it for six hours right in the first year itself. I recommend a three hour examination every two weeks with cumulative syllabus in the first year. Every alternate week, a one and half examination could be there in one lesson each of Chemistry, Mathematics and Physics. Prepare and write the examination conducted by your coaching institute enthusiastically. Your positive attitude right from the day one will help you immensely. Cooperate with your teachers. They know about the material and examination pattern a lot.
Even people who are taking postal coaching should follow this pattern. They should request their parents to organize the test for them every week. By requesting parents, one will put a monitor to himself to adhere to a time table.
How many one has to study: A general prescription is 10 hours a day. One can make an individual judgement with the overall constraint that you have to reach a level of having the ability to write an examination in the material that you have studied. You have to study 9 lessons every month. You divide the time in the ratio of 2:1 for CMP and other subjects.
Preparing a revision notes as you study is important because that will reduce the time spent by you in earlier lessons.
What are the recommended books?
I liked H C Verma for Physics
Dr. Jauhar for Chemistry
For Mathematics, I have Khanna, Dasgupta, Sharma and TMH. I am yet to study and decide which one is the most appropriate one.
Join Orkut Community
IIT-JEE-ACADEMY
http://www.orkut.co.in/Community.aspx?cmm=39291603
Of course I don't have to write the examination. I am doing the study to help my child (2009) and then children of my brothers and sisters.
According to my thinking,the decision to appear for JEE must be taken and preparation started right from the day, the X class examinations are over. The attitude must be to remember the materials learned in the X class. A revision of the X material after the examination will lay the firm foundation for JEE preparation.
May 2008 to December 2008 must be used to complete the entire syllabus of 11th class. Read the lessons in your XI class text and simultaneously read the material in JEE level texts that you buy. Approximately 3 lessons of Physics, Chemistry and Mathematics (one each) must be completed every 10 days. That way you can read 9 lessons a month. In eight months you can complete 72 lessons. As the books are written you may not have 24 chapters in every subject. But the chapters are very big and you can practically treat them as two chapters.
That will give you time to revise you XI material during January-April 2008. Will give you good amount of time to concentrate on Board examianations and other subjects in the course.
I have seen the coaching institutes giving an IIT examination every alternate Sunday. They are giving it for six hours right in the first year itself. I recommend a three hour examination every two weeks with cumulative syllabus in the first year. Every alternate week, a one and half examination could be there in one lesson each of Chemistry, Mathematics and Physics. Prepare and write the examination conducted by your coaching institute enthusiastically. Your positive attitude right from the day one will help you immensely. Cooperate with your teachers. They know about the material and examination pattern a lot.
Even people who are taking postal coaching should follow this pattern. They should request their parents to organize the test for them every week. By requesting parents, one will put a monitor to himself to adhere to a time table.
How many one has to study: A general prescription is 10 hours a day. One can make an individual judgement with the overall constraint that you have to reach a level of having the ability to write an examination in the material that you have studied. You have to study 9 lessons every month. You divide the time in the ratio of 2:1 for CMP and other subjects.
Preparing a revision notes as you study is important because that will reduce the time spent by you in earlier lessons.
What are the recommended books?
I liked H C Verma for Physics
Dr. Jauhar for Chemistry
For Mathematics, I have Khanna, Dasgupta, Sharma and TMH. I am yet to study and decide which one is the most appropriate one.
Join Orkut Community
IIT-JEE-ACADEMY
http://www.orkut.co.in/Community.aspx?cmm=39291603
Sunday, February 10, 2008
75 Suggestions to improve memory - IIT JEE Candidates
Be In the Moment
1.Focus on learning.
You can't remember something if you've never learned it, so focus on learning.
2. You don't need to enroll in a college to learn - you can learn something from educational television programs, from online courses, from books, or from other individuals.
3. It only takes about eight seconds to process data through your hippocampus into the appropriate memory center, so it doesn't take long to absorb information.
4. You need to pay attention to your environment so that you can encode this information into your brain.
5.focus on the present while learning:
To learn how to stay in the moment, don't focus on the past or worry about the future while you're learning.
6. Concentrate: Don't multitask, as you create a "brain drain" when you focus on more than one activity.
Create a Learning Environment
7. Note the environments that make it easier for you to concentrate and try to replicate those environments for learning. You may be accustomed to background noise (like traffic), or you may need complete silence, depending upon the task and your learning habits.
8. To that end, it would help if you understood your learning style. Once you understand what works for you, you can create an environment that stimulates your strengths.
9. Create a learning environment at home. You can learn how to expand on those environments in articles written by professionals for teachers and their students.
10. If you plan to learn online, know what you need to own before you can begin this task successfully.
11. If you are a visual learner, make sure you have tools to create visuals that will help you retain information.
12. If you're an auditory learner, purchase a tape recorder so that you can use it to repeat instructions or information.
Use All Your Senses
13. If you're learning something, involve as many senses as possible to help retain the experience. read-talk(read aloud or pronounce internally so that your ear can hear)-write
14. Drawing and writing includes the use of motor skills that help you to remember information as you stimulate motor pathways.
15. If you utilize these motor skills in a task, don't try something new for a few days. Instead, repeat some of the exercises listed immediately below a few times during the first week so that they become ingrained with your learning habits.
16. For instance, if you lack charts and diagrams for your reading materials, create them yourself so that you can add sight to sound to help retain information.
17. Take notes on index cards or in a notebook as you listen to a lecture or a similar presentation so that you can help retain information.
18. Sound includes talking to yourself - although this action may not be appropriate during a lecture, you can read your notes aloud when you're alone.
19.Explain to others what you have learned - Talk with another person about the information you've gathered. This action will incorporate more than one sense and it will help you to categorize information as well.
20. If you're studying information that includes models (like a car engine), touch various parts (as long as it's safe to touch them) to help memorize those parts.
21. Attach your ideas to an inert object for your learning process. For instance, connect the introduction of a speech to the entrance of the house, move on to the next room to connect the introduction to the next idea, and so on throughout a building.
22. Along the same lines, you can attach steps within a learning process to actual stairways or to stairs that you draw.
23. Although taste and smell both evoke strong memories, they aren't very convenient for organizing or holding information in your mind. But, you can try to remember a difficult task by sucking on a mint or by eating a fruit. The taste and smell may stimulate your thought processes when you try to remember the information that you learned (like the memory of chalk dust in a classroom).
Use Mnemonic Devices
24. Mnemonic (the initial "m" is silent) devices can provide clues to help you remember things. For instance, you can use visual images to memorize names, places, and events. If you wanted to remember Tom's name, think of a tom cat and connect that person to that image. Or, use something more obvious, like Queen Victoria for Victoria. Just place an imaginary crown on Victoria's head and you might remember that person's name the next time you meet them.
25. Use positive or amusing images rather than unpleasant ones, as them brain often blocks out distasteful memories.
26. If you make the images colorful and three-dimensional, they'll be easier to remember.
27. "Every Good Boy Does Fine" is a sentence that many musicians use to remember the lines in a treble staff (E, G, B, D, and F). Medical students use silly sentences to remember anatomical features. Try this tool when you need to memorize a sequence of difficult words or a series like the biological taxonomy (Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species): "Kids Played Cards On Furry Gray Skins."
28. "FACE" is the other tool that musicians use to remember the spaces between the lines on the treble staff (F, A, C, and E). This is called an acronym, or using the first letter of a word to create a new word. Other examples include SCUBA (self-contained underwater breathing apparatus), ANZAC (Australian and New Zealand Army Corps), and HOMES (Huron, Ontario, Michigan, Erie, and Superior - the great lakes).
29. Use alliteration to help memorize certain data. "She sells seashells by the seashore" is one example of alliteration. You can group certain words within a list to create a silly alliterative sentence that will be easy to remember.
30. With that said, use alliteration to remember peoples' names. When you meet a large man named Stan, you could call him "Substantial Stan" (but not to his face!) so you can remember his name. If he loses weight, however, you might be in trouble.
31. Rhymes also are useful for memorization. You might remember this one: "In fourteen hundred ninety-two, Columbus sailed the ocean blue." If you need to remember that your business partner is allergic to peanuts, you could make up a rhyme like this: "I'll feel like a klutz if I offer him nuts."
32. “Chunk” information, or arrange a long list into smaller units or categories that will be easier to remember. Your Social Security number, for instance, is easier to remember as three "chunks" of three, two, and four numbers rather than a long string of numbers. Phone numbers, credit card numbers, passwords, and other long sequences can be memorized in chunks as well.
33. When you relate a speech to a house (see #21), you're using what is called a "Method of loci." For instance, if you're learning certain body parts, you can place one in the fridge, one in the oven, and another in the bathroom cabinet. Or, use your route to work to associate learning with various landmarks.
34. Connect new data to information you already know. Remember you X class knowledge and add new information that you are now learning. It will help you to remember better.
Organize
35. Disorganized people report more memory problems than those individuals who are accustomed to organization. This ability to organize is external as well as internal...External organization can free your brain up for more creative endeavors. Internal organization requires a less stressful lifestyle.
36. Write things down, but write them down in appropriate places. For instance, write addresses in address books, and write grocery lists in a special notebook that you've designated for that list. Accordingly, use specific places in the house for certain items. For instance, if you hang the keys on a hook by the door when you enter, you won't need to sap your time or brain power to find those keys.
37. Lists are great for handling stress - even if the list is a long one, it will be rewarding to cross items off as you complete them.
38. Learn how to prioritize. Get the small things done first so that your list is shortened quickly. For instance, as you go through your email, reply to the ones that need a response immediately so that they don't pile up. In that vein, you really don't need to remember all the names of the individuals you met at that business meeting. Focus on the less than ten names of individuals who you want to meet again.
39. Use online or paper calendars to remember important dates. This will help you to be more social, on time, and employed. Plus, you can free up your mind for more creative endeavors.
40. Use both words and pictures to help retain information about such things as meeting dates and places.
41. Break detailed ideas down into simple thoughts that you can convey to someone else (or to yourself). This effort is similar to 'chunking' (see #32), and it will help you to remember complex ideas.
42. Similarly, if you understand basic concepts, this memory will help you to retrieve isolated details about that concept.
43. When you can't write something down, visualize those ideas as being compartmentalized in your brain, much like you would file information away into a filing cabinet. But, be careful and try to make those lists, as an overstuffed file system in your brain can contribute to memory losses.
44. Keep a pad, pencil and small flashlight by your bed to write down ideas that you have at night. If you forget these tools, just move something out of place so that you'll remember that idea in the morning (just throw a tissue or book on the floor so you see it in the morning - those items will trigger memories of the previous evening).
45. Increase your scholarly productivity with tools that will help you stay organized online.
Overlearn very important idea
46. Spend some time with new material a few hours after you've been introduced to it. Read the material in the night after the class. Review notes and try to consolidate the notes into a broad concept or idea.
47. Review notes and other information at intervals throughout the next few days. This is called "Spaced Rehearsal" or "Spaced Repetition," and it's a more effective method for learning than cramming. Review each lesson two or more times in the next seven days.
48. Review material until it becomes second nature. The best way to accomplish this task is to discuss material with another person.
49. When you use overlearning, you improve recall speed.
Retain a Positive Attitude
50. Take interest in learning. If you don't want to learn something, chances are you won't learn it.
51. Tell yourself that you want to learn and that you can learn and remember the information at hand.
52. Don't blame your brain. If you constantly tell yourself and others that you have a bad memory, this action actually hampers the ability of your brain to remember.
53. A positive outlook and positive mental feedback sets up an expectation for success.
Exercise Regularly
54. Exercise increases oxygen to the brain, and oxygen is important for brain function.
55. Physical exercise reduces the risk for disorders that lead to memory loss, such as diabetes and cardiovascular disease.
56. A mix of programs that involve both aerobic exercise and strength training are of greatest benefit, with exercise sessions lasting at least 30 minutes.
57. Exercise may enhance the effects of helpful brain chemicals and protect brain cells, and it may increase the flow of blood to the hippocampus (see #3), enabling it to function better.
58. The hippocampus is especially vulnerable to age-related deterioration that can affect how well you retain information, so it's important to maintain an exercise routine as you age.
59. Exercise helps to control blood sugar levels, and a recent study has found that those with impaired glucose tolerance and/or chronic stress tend to have a smaller hippocampus. Since the hippocampus is vital to memory retention, this is not a good thing.
60. Exercise may increase self-confidence, and may reduce anxiety and depression and help you to retain a more positive attitude about life.
61. Even if you are too busy with studies, take a break to walk around the block. The exercise will help you stay connected and stimulated.
62. Walking is not strenuous (unless you power walk), so your leg muscles don't take up extra oxygen and glucose like they do during other forms of exercise. If you find yourself stressed, take a few minutes to oxygenate your brain with a leisurely walk.
63. Movement and exercise increase breathing and heart rate so that more blood flows to the brain, enhancing energy production and waste removal. As you increase your strength, you also increase your capacity to remember.
64. Physical exercise can protect your brain and its mental processes
Manage stress
65. Cortisol, the stress hormone secreted under stress by the human adrenal gland, near the kidneys, can damage the hippocampus if stress is unrelieved.
66. Stress can produce an enzyme called, "protein kinase C," which impairs the short-term memory and other functions in the prefrontal cortex, the executive-decision part of the brain. In other words, stress can make it difficult to remember and to concentrate.
67. Physical exercise can help to relieve stress. Even a simple walk can help to clear the mind.
68. Jokes, soothing music, and even a short nap can help to break the stress.
69. On the other hand, arousing, exciting, momentous occasions, including stressful ones, get filed away very readily. If you can remember your first job, 9/11, or when Kennedy was shot, these examples prove that some stressful occasions can create vivid memories.
70. It has been discovered that people who are more prone to chronic distress are more likely to develop Alzheimer’s disease than their more carefree counterparts.
Other Good habits
71. A good night's sleep is necessary for memory consolidation. lakc of sleep disorders can leave you tired and unable to concentrate during the day.
72. Smoking constricts arteries that deliver oxygen to the brain. Tests have proven this memory loss in adolescents who smoke.
73. Relaxation through meditation, tai chi, yoga, or other techniques that slow respiration, slow metabolism, and release muscle tension can make a huge difference in your overall health and stress levels. Invest about ten to fifteen minutes per day with these techniques.
74. Investigate biofeedback programs or games that provide real-time information and tracking. These tools can help you learn effective techniques for reducing stress.
75. Staying properly hydrated can do more for your body and mind than eating, at times. Drink your recommended 8-10 glasses day.
http://oedb.org/library/features/the-memory-toolbox
http://www.academictips.org/memory/index.html
http://www.helpguide.org/life/improving_memory.htm
1.Focus on learning.
You can't remember something if you've never learned it, so focus on learning.
2. You don't need to enroll in a college to learn - you can learn something from educational television programs, from online courses, from books, or from other individuals.
3. It only takes about eight seconds to process data through your hippocampus into the appropriate memory center, so it doesn't take long to absorb information.
4. You need to pay attention to your environment so that you can encode this information into your brain.
5.focus on the present while learning:
To learn how to stay in the moment, don't focus on the past or worry about the future while you're learning.
6. Concentrate: Don't multitask, as you create a "brain drain" when you focus on more than one activity.
Create a Learning Environment
7. Note the environments that make it easier for you to concentrate and try to replicate those environments for learning. You may be accustomed to background noise (like traffic), or you may need complete silence, depending upon the task and your learning habits.
8. To that end, it would help if you understood your learning style. Once you understand what works for you, you can create an environment that stimulates your strengths.
9. Create a learning environment at home. You can learn how to expand on those environments in articles written by professionals for teachers and their students.
10. If you plan to learn online, know what you need to own before you can begin this task successfully.
11. If you are a visual learner, make sure you have tools to create visuals that will help you retain information.
12. If you're an auditory learner, purchase a tape recorder so that you can use it to repeat instructions or information.
Use All Your Senses
13. If you're learning something, involve as many senses as possible to help retain the experience. read-talk(read aloud or pronounce internally so that your ear can hear)-write
14. Drawing and writing includes the use of motor skills that help you to remember information as you stimulate motor pathways.
15. If you utilize these motor skills in a task, don't try something new for a few days. Instead, repeat some of the exercises listed immediately below a few times during the first week so that they become ingrained with your learning habits.
16. For instance, if you lack charts and diagrams for your reading materials, create them yourself so that you can add sight to sound to help retain information.
17. Take notes on index cards or in a notebook as you listen to a lecture or a similar presentation so that you can help retain information.
18. Sound includes talking to yourself - although this action may not be appropriate during a lecture, you can read your notes aloud when you're alone.
19.Explain to others what you have learned - Talk with another person about the information you've gathered. This action will incorporate more than one sense and it will help you to categorize information as well.
20. If you're studying information that includes models (like a car engine), touch various parts (as long as it's safe to touch them) to help memorize those parts.
21. Attach your ideas to an inert object for your learning process. For instance, connect the introduction of a speech to the entrance of the house, move on to the next room to connect the introduction to the next idea, and so on throughout a building.
22. Along the same lines, you can attach steps within a learning process to actual stairways or to stairs that you draw.
23. Although taste and smell both evoke strong memories, they aren't very convenient for organizing or holding information in your mind. But, you can try to remember a difficult task by sucking on a mint or by eating a fruit. The taste and smell may stimulate your thought processes when you try to remember the information that you learned (like the memory of chalk dust in a classroom).
Use Mnemonic Devices
24. Mnemonic (the initial "m" is silent) devices can provide clues to help you remember things. For instance, you can use visual images to memorize names, places, and events. If you wanted to remember Tom's name, think of a tom cat and connect that person to that image. Or, use something more obvious, like Queen Victoria for Victoria. Just place an imaginary crown on Victoria's head and you might remember that person's name the next time you meet them.
25. Use positive or amusing images rather than unpleasant ones, as them brain often blocks out distasteful memories.
26. If you make the images colorful and three-dimensional, they'll be easier to remember.
27. "Every Good Boy Does Fine" is a sentence that many musicians use to remember the lines in a treble staff (E, G, B, D, and F). Medical students use silly sentences to remember anatomical features. Try this tool when you need to memorize a sequence of difficult words or a series like the biological taxonomy (Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species): "Kids Played Cards On Furry Gray Skins."
28. "FACE" is the other tool that musicians use to remember the spaces between the lines on the treble staff (F, A, C, and E). This is called an acronym, or using the first letter of a word to create a new word. Other examples include SCUBA (self-contained underwater breathing apparatus), ANZAC (Australian and New Zealand Army Corps), and HOMES (Huron, Ontario, Michigan, Erie, and Superior - the great lakes).
29. Use alliteration to help memorize certain data. "She sells seashells by the seashore" is one example of alliteration. You can group certain words within a list to create a silly alliterative sentence that will be easy to remember.
30. With that said, use alliteration to remember peoples' names. When you meet a large man named Stan, you could call him "Substantial Stan" (but not to his face!) so you can remember his name. If he loses weight, however, you might be in trouble.
31. Rhymes also are useful for memorization. You might remember this one: "In fourteen hundred ninety-two, Columbus sailed the ocean blue." If you need to remember that your business partner is allergic to peanuts, you could make up a rhyme like this: "I'll feel like a klutz if I offer him nuts."
32. “Chunk” information, or arrange a long list into smaller units or categories that will be easier to remember. Your Social Security number, for instance, is easier to remember as three "chunks" of three, two, and four numbers rather than a long string of numbers. Phone numbers, credit card numbers, passwords, and other long sequences can be memorized in chunks as well.
33. When you relate a speech to a house (see #21), you're using what is called a "Method of loci." For instance, if you're learning certain body parts, you can place one in the fridge, one in the oven, and another in the bathroom cabinet. Or, use your route to work to associate learning with various landmarks.
34. Connect new data to information you already know. Remember you X class knowledge and add new information that you are now learning. It will help you to remember better.
Organize
35. Disorganized people report more memory problems than those individuals who are accustomed to organization. This ability to organize is external as well as internal...External organization can free your brain up for more creative endeavors. Internal organization requires a less stressful lifestyle.
36. Write things down, but write them down in appropriate places. For instance, write addresses in address books, and write grocery lists in a special notebook that you've designated for that list. Accordingly, use specific places in the house for certain items. For instance, if you hang the keys on a hook by the door when you enter, you won't need to sap your time or brain power to find those keys.
37. Lists are great for handling stress - even if the list is a long one, it will be rewarding to cross items off as you complete them.
38. Learn how to prioritize. Get the small things done first so that your list is shortened quickly. For instance, as you go through your email, reply to the ones that need a response immediately so that they don't pile up. In that vein, you really don't need to remember all the names of the individuals you met at that business meeting. Focus on the less than ten names of individuals who you want to meet again.
39. Use online or paper calendars to remember important dates. This will help you to be more social, on time, and employed. Plus, you can free up your mind for more creative endeavors.
40. Use both words and pictures to help retain information about such things as meeting dates and places.
41. Break detailed ideas down into simple thoughts that you can convey to someone else (or to yourself). This effort is similar to 'chunking' (see #32), and it will help you to remember complex ideas.
42. Similarly, if you understand basic concepts, this memory will help you to retrieve isolated details about that concept.
43. When you can't write something down, visualize those ideas as being compartmentalized in your brain, much like you would file information away into a filing cabinet. But, be careful and try to make those lists, as an overstuffed file system in your brain can contribute to memory losses.
44. Keep a pad, pencil and small flashlight by your bed to write down ideas that you have at night. If you forget these tools, just move something out of place so that you'll remember that idea in the morning (just throw a tissue or book on the floor so you see it in the morning - those items will trigger memories of the previous evening).
45. Increase your scholarly productivity with tools that will help you stay organized online.
Overlearn very important idea
46. Spend some time with new material a few hours after you've been introduced to it. Read the material in the night after the class. Review notes and try to consolidate the notes into a broad concept or idea.
47. Review notes and other information at intervals throughout the next few days. This is called "Spaced Rehearsal" or "Spaced Repetition," and it's a more effective method for learning than cramming. Review each lesson two or more times in the next seven days.
48. Review material until it becomes second nature. The best way to accomplish this task is to discuss material with another person.
49. When you use overlearning, you improve recall speed.
Retain a Positive Attitude
50. Take interest in learning. If you don't want to learn something, chances are you won't learn it.
51. Tell yourself that you want to learn and that you can learn and remember the information at hand.
52. Don't blame your brain. If you constantly tell yourself and others that you have a bad memory, this action actually hampers the ability of your brain to remember.
53. A positive outlook and positive mental feedback sets up an expectation for success.
Exercise Regularly
54. Exercise increases oxygen to the brain, and oxygen is important for brain function.
55. Physical exercise reduces the risk for disorders that lead to memory loss, such as diabetes and cardiovascular disease.
56. A mix of programs that involve both aerobic exercise and strength training are of greatest benefit, with exercise sessions lasting at least 30 minutes.
57. Exercise may enhance the effects of helpful brain chemicals and protect brain cells, and it may increase the flow of blood to the hippocampus (see #3), enabling it to function better.
58. The hippocampus is especially vulnerable to age-related deterioration that can affect how well you retain information, so it's important to maintain an exercise routine as you age.
59. Exercise helps to control blood sugar levels, and a recent study has found that those with impaired glucose tolerance and/or chronic stress tend to have a smaller hippocampus. Since the hippocampus is vital to memory retention, this is not a good thing.
60. Exercise may increase self-confidence, and may reduce anxiety and depression and help you to retain a more positive attitude about life.
61. Even if you are too busy with studies, take a break to walk around the block. The exercise will help you stay connected and stimulated.
62. Walking is not strenuous (unless you power walk), so your leg muscles don't take up extra oxygen and glucose like they do during other forms of exercise. If you find yourself stressed, take a few minutes to oxygenate your brain with a leisurely walk.
63. Movement and exercise increase breathing and heart rate so that more blood flows to the brain, enhancing energy production and waste removal. As you increase your strength, you also increase your capacity to remember.
64. Physical exercise can protect your brain and its mental processes
Manage stress
65. Cortisol, the stress hormone secreted under stress by the human adrenal gland, near the kidneys, can damage the hippocampus if stress is unrelieved.
66. Stress can produce an enzyme called, "protein kinase C," which impairs the short-term memory and other functions in the prefrontal cortex, the executive-decision part of the brain. In other words, stress can make it difficult to remember and to concentrate.
67. Physical exercise can help to relieve stress. Even a simple walk can help to clear the mind.
68. Jokes, soothing music, and even a short nap can help to break the stress.
69. On the other hand, arousing, exciting, momentous occasions, including stressful ones, get filed away very readily. If you can remember your first job, 9/11, or when Kennedy was shot, these examples prove that some stressful occasions can create vivid memories.
70. It has been discovered that people who are more prone to chronic distress are more likely to develop Alzheimer’s disease than their more carefree counterparts.
Other Good habits
71. A good night's sleep is necessary for memory consolidation. lakc of sleep disorders can leave you tired and unable to concentrate during the day.
72. Smoking constricts arteries that deliver oxygen to the brain. Tests have proven this memory loss in adolescents who smoke.
73. Relaxation through meditation, tai chi, yoga, or other techniques that slow respiration, slow metabolism, and release muscle tension can make a huge difference in your overall health and stress levels. Invest about ten to fifteen minutes per day with these techniques.
74. Investigate biofeedback programs or games that provide real-time information and tracking. These tools can help you learn effective techniques for reducing stress.
75. Staying properly hydrated can do more for your body and mind than eating, at times. Drink your recommended 8-10 glasses day.
http://oedb.org/library/features/the-memory-toolbox
http://www.academictips.org/memory/index.html
http://www.helpguide.org/life/improving_memory.htm
Wednesday, January 16, 2008
IIT JEE Preparation Last 15 days
Many people are giving very useful advice for preparing for IIT JEE. As I keep on looking for more information on the topic, more or more good pieces come into view.
The following advice is from http://how-to-answers.blogspot.com/2007/08/how-to-crack-iit-jee.html
You have to work around the three pillars of success:
1. conceptual clarity - comes from studying carefully the first time itself to understand each and every sentence. Listen carefully in the class, come back and study the material immediately and then seek clarification from the faculty as early as possible
2. familiarity: Familiarity comes from studying it matter number of times, remembering at appropriate occasions like when it has got link with some other chapters, and helping friends when they have a problem with the chapter.
3. application expertise. : Comes by solving problems first in the textbook, then past JEE question papers, and then various model papers, test papers etc. Participating in olympiad etc, will help.
Guidelines for final round of preparation for IIT-JEE.
15 days before IIT-JEE
Scan all the topics in a stipulated time frame.
Plan your schedule for your revision and exercise.
Start concentration on the topics that you have covered rather wasting time on new topics particularly when exam is just 15 days ahead.
Revise all important concepts and formulae to recall them without any effort or thought.
The IIT-JEE test carries negative marking for wrong answer. So your familiarity with concepts would play a critical role.
7 days before IIT-JEE
Try to plan for Time Management during examination
Divide the total time into components based on total number of questions and your conceptual knowledge.
Develop the habit of gauging question whether you will be able to solve it.
On the day of JEE
You should reach the test centre at least half an hour before the exam.
Some students complain of nausea or headache during the test of just before the test. So keep relevant medicine handy.
During the IIT-JEE
Enter the examination hall in a positive mood to crack the test.
Re-check your stationeries and synchronize your wristwatch with the center’s clock
Invest time in reading the instructions quickly.
Be attentive in filling the information sheet. Clarify even your simplest doubt with the exam supervisor.
Do not use a red pen or pen where data is to be filled with pencil only.
Read all instructions carefully. Also see, which question carry negative marks.
Give all three subjects equal time that means 60 minutes each for physics, chemistry and mathematics.
Concentrate on one question at a time.
Use a diagram or value of constants given in the paper in solving a numerical. If the value is not mentioned, use the one you remember.
Carry out all rough work only in the space given in the paper.
Attempting to solve all questions in haste increases the chances of error. It is better to solve slightly fewer questions faultlessly.
While attempting questions, go on segregating them by putting some identification mark. These questions are from topics that you have prepared
The following advice is from http://how-to-answers.blogspot.com/2007/08/how-to-crack-iit-jee.html
You have to work around the three pillars of success:
1. conceptual clarity - comes from studying carefully the first time itself to understand each and every sentence. Listen carefully in the class, come back and study the material immediately and then seek clarification from the faculty as early as possible
2. familiarity: Familiarity comes from studying it matter number of times, remembering at appropriate occasions like when it has got link with some other chapters, and helping friends when they have a problem with the chapter.
3. application expertise. : Comes by solving problems first in the textbook, then past JEE question papers, and then various model papers, test papers etc. Participating in olympiad etc, will help.
Guidelines for final round of preparation for IIT-JEE.
15 days before IIT-JEE
Scan all the topics in a stipulated time frame.
Plan your schedule for your revision and exercise.
Start concentration on the topics that you have covered rather wasting time on new topics particularly when exam is just 15 days ahead.
Revise all important concepts and formulae to recall them without any effort or thought.
The IIT-JEE test carries negative marking for wrong answer. So your familiarity with concepts would play a critical role.
7 days before IIT-JEE
Try to plan for Time Management during examination
Divide the total time into components based on total number of questions and your conceptual knowledge.
Develop the habit of gauging question whether you will be able to solve it.
On the day of JEE
You should reach the test centre at least half an hour before the exam.
Some students complain of nausea or headache during the test of just before the test. So keep relevant medicine handy.
During the IIT-JEE
Enter the examination hall in a positive mood to crack the test.
Re-check your stationeries and synchronize your wristwatch with the center’s clock
Invest time in reading the instructions quickly.
Be attentive in filling the information sheet. Clarify even your simplest doubt with the exam supervisor.
Do not use a red pen or pen where data is to be filled with pencil only.
Read all instructions carefully. Also see, which question carry negative marks.
Give all three subjects equal time that means 60 minutes each for physics, chemistry and mathematics.
Concentrate on one question at a time.
Use a diagram or value of constants given in the paper in solving a numerical. If the value is not mentioned, use the one you remember.
Carry out all rough work only in the space given in the paper.
Attempting to solve all questions in haste increases the chances of error. It is better to solve slightly fewer questions faultlessly.
While attempting questions, go on segregating them by putting some identification mark. These questions are from topics that you have prepared
Tuesday, January 15, 2008
Some More Tips for JEE 2008 Candidates
Mr. Rajiv Srivastava in his blog post http://www.eblogs.in/rajiv-srivastava/how-to-get-in-iits
gave the following tips (I modified them slightly).
1. Select 60% of course in each subject and prepare them well.
2. Try to solve Olympiad problems.
3. Only follow one or two books in each subjects.
4. In examination you need to solve only 50% questions correctly.
5. Try to solve easy questions first.
6. For initial 5 minutes you go through complete paper, and select the questions which are comparatively easy.
7. Try to have strong fundamentals. Tricks and shortcuts always dont work, but still they can be helpful.
8. Solve previous year papers, for confidence but question will not be repeated in the examinations.
These suggestions are good. The first suggestion has to be interpreted that while you need to have a good understanding of every topic in the syllabus, develop a very good understanding of 60% of the portion at least.
Try past examination papers including olympiads to develop the confidence that you solve them in the JEE examination. Don't get frustrated after seeing the JEE paper. First identify easy questions and answer them. You may clear the JEE even if you can answer 50% correctly (based on past experience). So don't give up. You could answer past question paper. You can answer this question paper. Keep your confidence with you till the last minute. Stretch your brain coolly. You will answer the paper. Your effort will reward you.
gave the following tips (I modified them slightly).
1. Select 60% of course in each subject and prepare them well.
2. Try to solve Olympiad problems.
3. Only follow one or two books in each subjects.
4. In examination you need to solve only 50% questions correctly.
5. Try to solve easy questions first.
6. For initial 5 minutes you go through complete paper, and select the questions which are comparatively easy.
7. Try to have strong fundamentals. Tricks and shortcuts always dont work, but still they can be helpful.
8. Solve previous year papers, for confidence but question will not be repeated in the examinations.
These suggestions are good. The first suggestion has to be interpreted that while you need to have a good understanding of every topic in the syllabus, develop a very good understanding of 60% of the portion at least.
Try past examination papers including olympiads to develop the confidence that you solve them in the JEE examination. Don't get frustrated after seeing the JEE paper. First identify easy questions and answer them. You may clear the JEE even if you can answer 50% correctly (based on past experience). So don't give up. You could answer past question paper. You can answer this question paper. Keep your confidence with you till the last minute. Stretch your brain coolly. You will answer the paper. Your effort will reward you.
Thursday, January 10, 2008
Vision Kota JEE Model Paper
I liked the positive attitudes indicated by Vision Kota
Positive Attitudes for IIT JEE success
Curiosity.
You should feel a need to know things—all kinds of things— just to know them. Knowledge does not require a reason. The question, “Why do you want to know that?” seems strange to you, but you should say, “Because I don’t know the answer.” Knowledge is enjoyable and often useful in strange and unexpected ways.
A wide ranging knowledge is necessary for you to really give IIT JEE a good attempt. Much knowledge arises from variations of a known or combinations of two known things and the best ideas flow from a well equipped mind. Nothing can come from nothing.
A belief that most problems can be solved.
By faith at first and by experience later on, you must believe that something can always be done to solve almost every problem. Problems are solved by a commitment of time and energy, and where this commitment is present, nothing is impossible.
The belief in the solvability of problems is especially useful early in solving any problem, because many problems have a covered deceptive face and may scare you. Analyze the Problem, Break it into simple components and then attempt. The result is a wonderful perfect solution you are looking for. Those who face the problem with confidence will be the ones most likely to think through or around the problem and reach at the core of solution.
Problems are interesting and emotionally acceptable.
You must see problems as interesting challenges worth tackling. Problems are not fearful beasts to be feared or loathed; they are worthy opponents to be jousted out and unhorsed. Problem solving is fun, educational, rewarding, ego building, helpful to you.
Perseverance.
Most students fail because they spend only limited time on a problem that requires more time to solve. You must be committed for hard work and put in laborious efforts in terms of time and energy. There is no quick and easy secret. You need knowledge gained by study and problem solving and you must put your knowledge to work by hard thinking.
http://www.vision2000kota.com/SuccessGuide.htm
YOu can download a model paper from
http://www.vision2000kota.com/VisionKotaHome.asp
The key to the question paper is also there.
Positive Attitudes for IIT JEE success
Curiosity.
You should feel a need to know things—all kinds of things— just to know them. Knowledge does not require a reason. The question, “Why do you want to know that?” seems strange to you, but you should say, “Because I don’t know the answer.” Knowledge is enjoyable and often useful in strange and unexpected ways.
A wide ranging knowledge is necessary for you to really give IIT JEE a good attempt. Much knowledge arises from variations of a known or combinations of two known things and the best ideas flow from a well equipped mind. Nothing can come from nothing.
A belief that most problems can be solved.
By faith at first and by experience later on, you must believe that something can always be done to solve almost every problem. Problems are solved by a commitment of time and energy, and where this commitment is present, nothing is impossible.
The belief in the solvability of problems is especially useful early in solving any problem, because many problems have a covered deceptive face and may scare you. Analyze the Problem, Break it into simple components and then attempt. The result is a wonderful perfect solution you are looking for. Those who face the problem with confidence will be the ones most likely to think through or around the problem and reach at the core of solution.
Problems are interesting and emotionally acceptable.
You must see problems as interesting challenges worth tackling. Problems are not fearful beasts to be feared or loathed; they are worthy opponents to be jousted out and unhorsed. Problem solving is fun, educational, rewarding, ego building, helpful to you.
Perseverance.
Most students fail because they spend only limited time on a problem that requires more time to solve. You must be committed for hard work and put in laborious efforts in terms of time and energy. There is no quick and easy secret. You need knowledge gained by study and problem solving and you must put your knowledge to work by hard thinking.
http://www.vision2000kota.com/SuccessGuide.htm
YOu can download a model paper from
http://www.vision2000kota.com/VisionKotaHome.asp
The key to the question paper is also there.
Saturday, December 22, 2007
Tips to Tame the IIT-JEE
The primary emphasis is to be on depth of knowledge, analytical and comprehension skills and attitude.
If you are a class 11th/12th student, try to synergise your school study with the JEE study. While doing a new topic, always do it first from your school textbook followed by higher level books.
Self Study Plan: School Students: A student going to the school should follow the 4/10 plan, that is self-study for at least 4 hrs. on school days and at least 10 hrs. on holidays. There must be a 7 day or 10 day revision plan as well. 12th Pass Students: A student not going to the school should follow the 10 hrs. plan, that is self-study for at least 10 hrs. everyday. There must be a 7 day or 10 day revision plan as well.
It is more important to do a question completely rather than trying to do more half-done questions.
Note that too much of test taking does not help. Only a deep understanding and other personal attributes can get you through JEE and not blind test taking. The frequency of test taking may be less for JEE 2007 aspirants in class 11th but needs to be higher when they reach class 12th.
Do approximations in calculations keeping an eye on the error.
In objective type of questions, method of elimination of options may work to your advantage in many questions. Using dimensional analysis, putting boundary conditions, putting values of variables, working backwards and many more techniques may work in such scenario.
http://iitjee-aieee-cbse.blogspot.com/2007/11/12-points-to-tame-new-pattern-iit-jee.html
If you are a class 11th/12th student, try to synergise your school study with the JEE study. While doing a new topic, always do it first from your school textbook followed by higher level books.
Self Study Plan: School Students: A student going to the school should follow the 4/10 plan, that is self-study for at least 4 hrs. on school days and at least 10 hrs. on holidays. There must be a 7 day or 10 day revision plan as well. 12th Pass Students: A student not going to the school should follow the 10 hrs. plan, that is self-study for at least 10 hrs. everyday. There must be a 7 day or 10 day revision plan as well.
It is more important to do a question completely rather than trying to do more half-done questions.
Note that too much of test taking does not help. Only a deep understanding and other personal attributes can get you through JEE and not blind test taking. The frequency of test taking may be less for JEE 2007 aspirants in class 11th but needs to be higher when they reach class 12th.
Do approximations in calculations keeping an eye on the error.
In objective type of questions, method of elimination of options may work to your advantage in many questions. Using dimensional analysis, putting boundary conditions, putting values of variables, working backwards and many more techniques may work in such scenario.
http://iitjee-aieee-cbse.blogspot.com/2007/11/12-points-to-tame-new-pattern-iit-jee.html
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